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Languages and characters encoding All GeoPostcodes databases contain by default the names of the localities and regions written in the local language (they can be multiple in some countries). These files are encoded in UTF-8 format (or UTF-16 for the SQL Server tables). For ease of use of our databases in English, some measures have been taken to translate them from the various foreign languages : Non-Latin languages For languages using a non-Latin alphabet (such as Chinese, Japanese, Russian, etc), an English version is available in addition to the local version. These versions have been translated as closely as possible from the original text. However, where it is not possible to make an accurate translation that is reliable or the translation does not exist, the closest alternative, a transliteration, is provided. Non formatted version in ASCII All databases have a non formatted version using US-ASCII encoding. This file (named GeoPC_xx.asc) is a transliteration according to the tables defined below, it uses the 26 letters from the Latin alphabet and does not have any accented characters. It is accepted that this is a basic match which may differ considerably from a translation. Translations, transcriptions, transliterations Several methods can be used to produce a version in the English language of a name written in a foreign language, the most common one being the translation. In this case, we assume that there is already an English name commonly used matching to the locality, for example Lisboa in Portugal is called Lisbon in English, then we talk about an exonym. An exonyms table is available free of charge on our website. Since there is no translation for most of the towns and villages in the world, it is advisable to do a transcription or a transliteration in English. The transcription is a replacement of each character or characters group by an equivalent sound in English, it is therefore a phonetic translation. The transliteration (also called romanization) is a substitution of each character or characters group by an other equivalent according to a matching table, which does not take into consideration pronunciation. Example : Local Russian name : Санкт-Петербург English translation : Saint Petersburg Transcription : Sankt Petersburg Transliteration : Sankt-Peterburg US-ASCII Transliteration tables AZ : Azerbaijani (Azərbaycan) Used in the following countries : Azerbaijan
BG : Bulgarian (Български) Used in the following countries : Bulgaria
BS : Bosnian (Bosanski) Used in the following countries : Bosnia-Herzegovina
CA : Catalan (Català) Used in the following countries : Andorra
CS : Czech (Česky) Used in the following countries : Czech Republic
DA : Danish (Dansk) Used in the following countries : Denmark
DE : German (Deutsch) Used in the following countries : Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland
EL : Greek (Ελληνικά) Used in the following countries : Cyprus, Greece
ES : Spanish (Español) Used in the following countries : Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, Uruguay, Venezuela
ET : Estonian (Eesti) Used in the following countries : Estonia
FI : Finnish (Suomi) Used in the following countries : Finland
FR : French (Français) Used in the following countries : Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, France, Haiti, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Monaco, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Switzerland, Tunisia
HR : Croatian (Hrvatski) Used in the following countries : Croatia
HU : Hungarian (Magyar) Used in the following countries : Hungary
IS : Icelandic (Íslenska) Used in the following countries : Iceland
IT : Italian (Italiano) Used in the following countries : Italy, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican City
LT : Lithuanian (Lietuvių) Used in the following countries : Lithuania
LV : Latvian (Latviešu) Used in the following countries : Latvia
MK : Macedonian (Makedonski) Used in the following countries : Macedonia
MT : Maltese (Malti) Used in the following countries : Malta
NL : Dutch (Nederlands) Used in the following countries : Belgium, Netherlands
NO : Norwegian (Norsk) Used in the following countries : Norway
PL : Polish (Polski) Used in the following countries : Poland
PT : Portuguese (Português) Used in the following countries : Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Portugal
RO : Romanian (Română) Used in the following countries : Moldova, Romania
RU : Russian (Русский) Used in the following countries : Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Uzbekistan
SK : Slovak (Slovenčina) Used in the following countries : Slovakia
SL : Slovenian (Slovenščina) Used in the following countries : Slovenia
SQ : Albanian (Shqip) Used in the following countries : Albania
SR : Serbian (Српски / Srpski) Used in the following countries : Serbia
SV : Swedish (Svenska) Used in the following countries : Finland, Sweden
SZ : Montenegrin (Crnogorski) Used in the following countries : Montenegro
TR : Turkish (Türkçe) Used in the following countries : Turkey
UK : Ukrainian (Українська) Used in the following countries : Ukraine
UZ : Uzbek (O‘zbek) Used in the following countries :
VI : Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt) Used in the following countries : Vietnam
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