{"id":34454,"date":"2025-07-15T11:01:01","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T09:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/?p=34454"},"modified":"2026-04-01T07:01:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:01:01","slug":"distance-between-zip-codes-excel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/blog\/distance-between-zip-codes-excel\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Calculate Distance Between Postcodes in Excel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To calculate the distance between Postcodes in Excel, match each GeoPostcodes\u2019 provided Postcode to its latitude and longitude coordinates, convert those values to radians, and apply the Haversine formula to measure straight-line distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#e9eaeb;color:#e9eaeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Postcode distance in Excel is calculated using the <strong>Haversine formula<\/strong>, which measures straight-line (\u201cas-the-crow-flies\u201d) distance between coordinates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You need a <strong>Postcode database with accurate latitude and longitude values<\/strong>, such as data from GeoPostcodes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Latitude and longitude values must be <strong>converted from degrees to radians<\/strong> before applying the formula.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Results represent <strong>straight-line distance<\/strong>, not driving or travel routes, and can be expressed in kilometers or miles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Accuracy depends heavily on <strong>up-to-date Postcode centroid data<\/strong>, especially for large or rural Postcodes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#e9eaeb;color:#e9eaeb\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:56px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Looking to calculate distances between Postcodes? Whether you&#8217;re optimizing delivery routes, conducting market analysis, or simply satisfying your geographic curiosity, you&#8217;ve come to the right place. The process is surprisingly straightforward, and we&#8217;re here to guide you through every step with our comprehensive, easy-to-follow tutorial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Browse GeoPostcodes\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/postal-zip-code-database\/\">Postcode database<\/a>, built from over 1,500 authoritative sources. Enhance your distance calculations and logistics analysis with highly accurate, Postcode-level geographic coordinates. You can <a href=\"https:\/\/public.geopostcodes.com\/portal-signup\">download a free sample here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Required data for distance calculation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before diving into calculations, we need to gather the tools mentioned above, essentially:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A database containing <strong>Postcodes<\/strong> with their corresponding <strong>latitude and longitude<\/strong> coordinates, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/product-zip-code-database-lookup\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Postcode Lookup tool<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Excel<\/strong>&nbsp;(or Google Sheets) is our calculation engine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>Haversine formula<\/strong>&nbsp;implementation acts as your distance-measuring algorithm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding the Haversine Formula<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Haversine formula in Excel calculates the shortest distance between two points, taking into account Earth&#8217;s curvature to provide accurate &#8220;as the crow flies&#8221; distances:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">=ACOS(SIN(lat1)*SIN(lat2)+COS(lat1)*COS(lat2)*COS(lon2-lon1))*6371\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Formula Breakdown:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>lat1, lon1 = Coordinates of your first Postcode (in radians)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lat2, lon2 = Coordinates of your second Postcode (in radians)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6371 = Earth&#8217;s radius in kilometers (use 3959 for miles)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step-by-step implementation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ready to put theory into practice? To start, let\u2019s open the GeoPostcodes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/product-zip-code-database-lookup\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Postcode Lookup tool<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the search bar, type the Postcodes of your interest and observe the attributes that are available. In our example, we will pick <strong>94112<\/strong> (located in San Francisco, USA) and <strong>10024<\/strong> (in New York, USA):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.surferseo.art\/2c32f36e-1b4e-4a8b-afbb-dd87ee1951cd.png\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:863px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.surferseo.art\/c8fb81e6-e169-44cc-965a-e6672062bf06.png\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:865px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, we can follow a few simple steps to achieve our objective:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 1<\/strong>: Organize the data by arranging the Postcodes and their coordinates in clearly labeled columns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our formatted Excel table now looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table ticss-82292bdf\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>STATE\/PROVINCE<\/th><th>CITY<\/th><th>postcode<\/th><th>latitude<\/th><th>longtitude<\/th><th>timezone<\/th><th>postcode population<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>California<\/td><td>San Francisco<\/td><td>94112<\/td><td>37.721298<\/td><td>-122.44356<\/td><td>America\/Los_Angeles<\/td><td>83471<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New York<\/td><td>New York<\/td><td>10024<\/td><td>40.786738<\/td><td>-73.974607<\/td><td>America\/New_York<\/td><td>62383<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 2<\/strong>: From the attributes that are offered by the GeoPostcodes Postcode Lookup tool, we will only need&nbsp;<strong>POSTCODE,<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Latitude,<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Longitude<\/strong>. Convert your latitude and longitude values from degrees to radians using Excel&#8217;s built-in formula: =RADIANS(degree_value). This conversion is crucial because the Haversine formula uses radians, not degrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table ticss-7bceaf22\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>POSTCODE<\/th><th>LATITUDE<\/th><th>LONGTITUDE<\/th><th>LATITUDE (rADIANS)<\/th><th>LONGTITUDE (RADIANS)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>94112<\/td><td>37.72<\/td><td>-122.44<\/td><td>0.66<\/td><td>-2.14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10024<\/td><td>40.79<\/td><td>-73.97<\/td><td>0.71<\/td><td>-1.29<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that we have our sample dataset ready, we can proceed with the calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 3<\/strong>: Paste the Haversine formula in the cell where you want to store the results and replace the values with your data. In our example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">=ACOS(SIN(0.66)*SIN(0.71)+COS(0.66)*COS(0.71)*COS(lon2-(-2.14)))*6371\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The result is 4134.08 kilometers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 4<\/strong>: Now that the calculation is complete, we can format and convert the results to the desired units: meters, kilometers, miles, or any other unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Limitations and Considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Every tool has its limits, and Postcode distance calculations come with important caveats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Postcode centroids provide approximations of entire areas. Large rural Postcodes might have centroids far from where most residents live.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These calculations represent straight-line distances, similar to drawing a line with a ruler across a map and ignoring the realities of road networks or air travel. This limitation can be mitigated by performing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/latest\/help\/analysis\/networks\/what-is-network-analyst-.htm\">Network Analysis using ArcGIS<\/a>, using, for example, accurate&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/boundaries-database\/\">postal boundaries data<\/a>&nbsp;from GeoPostcodes. This approach offers a more realistic and reliable alternative for modeling real-world scenarios, thereby enhancing the quality of spatial insights and decision-making.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These calculations assume that Earth is perfectly spherical, though the difference is negligible for most business applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tips for Accurate Calculations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Obtaining precise distance measurements requires meticulous attention to detail and high-quality data. These practical tips will help you avoid common pitfalls and ensure reliable results in your calculations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Verify your coordinate sources<\/strong>: Not all Postcode databases are created equal. Cross-reference your latitude and longitude data with reputable sources to avoid errors that will compromise your entire analysis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use bulk calculations for efficiency<\/strong>: When processing hundreds or thousands of Postcode pairs, set up your formulas to calculate multiple distances simultaneously. This approach saves time and reduces the risk of manual errors in repetitive tasks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Double-check unit conversions<\/strong>: Confusing miles with kilometers can significantly disrupt your calculations. Always confirm that your formulas use the appropriate Earth&#8217;s radius (in either miles or kilometers), and make sure your output matches the units you intend to use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keep your database current<\/strong>: Postcodes change, merge, or become obsolete over time. When making business decisions based on these calculations, make sure that you have access to an accurate and up-to-date coordinate database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While the process involves mathematical formulas and coordinate conversions, the comprehensive approach makes it accessible for any business professional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The applications offer numerous benefits, including optimizing delivery routes and analyzing market penetration. However, remember that these calculations provide <strong>straight-line distances<\/strong> and rely heavily on <strong>accurate coordinate data<\/strong>. For businesses requiring comprehensive location intelligence, partnering with specialized data providers ensures accuracy and global coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For over a decade, we have maintained the most comprehensive global location database, with highly accurate coordinates covering 247 countries. We invite you to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/public.geopostcodes.com\/portal-signup\">browse our databases for free<\/a>, allowing you to download a sample and start with a small dataset to familiarize yourself with the process. Then, scale up as your confidence grows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bonus tip: calculate the distance between two Postcodes in Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatively, you can perform these calculations using Python. If you are interested, check out our blog post&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopostcodes.com\/en-GB\/blog\/how-to-calculate-distance-between-two-zip-codes-in-python\/#:~:text=spanning%20different%20countries.-,Bonus%3A%20Distance%20Between%20Zip%20Codes%20Excel,-The%20formula%20used\">How to calculate distance between two Postcodes in Python<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-aa5641a4\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion exclusive has-light-content-bg is-style-default\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>What is a Postcode distance calculator?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A Postcode distance calculator is a tool used to estimate the distance between two postal codes based on their geographic coordinates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It works by converting Postcodes into latitude and longitude and then applying a distance formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is different from map tools, which focus on routes rather than straight-line distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How do you calculate the distance between two Postcodes?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The distance between two Postcodes is calculated by measuring the distance between their geographic reference points, often called centroids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This calculation usually produces a straight-line, or &#8220;as-the-crow-flies,&#8221; distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The result is useful for estimation, analysis, and comparison rather than navigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How many miles are between two Postcodes?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The number of miles between two Postcodes depends on the distance between their centroid coordinates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Postcode mileage is typically expressed as straight-line distance, not driving distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This makes it suitable for analytics, reporting, and high-level planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>Can you calculate distance between Postcodes in Excel?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, Excel can calculate Postcode distances if you have latitude and longitude data for each Postcode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The calculation is usually done with formulas such as the Haversine formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, Excel is best suited for small datasets rather than large-scale distance calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>What is the Haversine distance formula?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The Haversine formula is a mathematical formula used to calculate the straight-line distance between two points on the Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It accounts for the Earth&#8217;s curvature using latitude and longitude values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, it is commonly used to estimate Postcode distance in spreadsheets and databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>What is the difference between driving distance and Postcode distance?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Postcode distance measures straight-line distance between geographic points, while driving distance follows actual road networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Driving distance reflects real travel conditions but requires routing data and external services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Postcode distance is simpler and faster to calculate for large datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How do businesses use Postcode distance calculations?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Businesses use Postcode distance calculations for logistics planning, territory design, and market analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The distance helps estimate delivery ranges, service coverage, and proximity-based segmentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach supports operational decisions without requiring full routing logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How accurate are Postcode distance calculations?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Postcode distance accuracy depends on the quality of the underlying location data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most calculations rely on centroid coordinates, which represent an approximate location of the Postcode area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means results are suitable for analysis but not for turn-by-turn navigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How do organizations scale Postcode distance calculations beyond Excel?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Organizations scale Postcode distance calculations by using centralized databases and standardized reference location data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This allows distances to be calculated consistently across thousands or millions of Postcode pairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, scalable distance calculations require managed data rather than manual spreadsheets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div><strong>How does GeoPostcodes compare to other worldwide postal code database providers?<\/strong><\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared with providers such as GeoNames, OpenStreetMap, Google Maps Platform, HERE, TomTom, Melissa, and Smarty, GeoPostcodes is positioned as an enterprise reference data provider rather than a mapping, API, or crowdsourced data service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many alternatives focus on lookup, routing, or enrichment use cases, often relying on aggregated or community-maintained data that can vary in structure and update stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, GeoPostcodes emphasizes standardized postal code data, stable identifiers, and frequent updates designed to support long-term master data management, analytics, and operational consistency across countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how to effortlessly calculate distances between postcodes using Excel with this straightforward guide. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":35389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-processing","category-location-intelligence"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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